英语翻译：个别词语在具体语境中的翻译

浮躁2013

在复习考研英语翻译中，跨考教育提醒考生要注意个别词语在具体语境中的翻译。接下来，跨考教育英语教研室付老师就为考生详细讲解个别词语在具体语境中的翻译技巧。

一、一词多义

①根据词在句中的词类来选择词义

The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.【1991】

分析：market n.市场, 行业, 需求;v.买，卖或销售。

参考译文：食品供应无法跟上人口增长的步伐，这就意味着我们在粮食生产和营销方面正陷入一场危机。

②根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义

Explosive technological development after 1990 gave the medical profession enormous power to fight disease and sickness.

参考译文：1990年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医学界大大提高了对抗疾病的能力。

③根据可数或不可数来选择词义

不可数——

After their interview, he compares not their experience, but their statistics…

参考译文：面试以后，他并不比较他们的经验，而是比较他们的统计数字。

可数——

Our journey to Tibet was quite an experience.

参考译文：我们的西藏之旅真是一次难忘的经历。

二、熟词生义

①account n.价值，地位，重要性

Is it true that the American intellecual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?【2006翻译中一句话】

美国社会，知识分子遭到排斥，没有社会地位，这是真的吗?

②approach 着手处理→研究

I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成就也许有助于解决道德问题，但是他承担的任务只不过是研究那些问题的事实方面。

③immediate a.直接的，最接近的

But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult.【1996翻译中一句话】

但是在没有直接效用的项目中做出选择就难多了。

④code n.法典，法规，准则

But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.【2006翻译】

但是，普通科学家的首要任务不是思考约束其行为的道德准则，正如人们不会期望商人致力于商业行为准则的探索一样。

⑤be parallel to 与...类似

On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.

另一方面，类似于新闻记者每天在报道和评论新闻时会与生活建立起联系，法律把这些概念与日常实际联系起来。(腾讯教育)